Art of telegraphy



(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 1,

I E. GRAY.

ARTDP TELEGRAPHY.

No, 461,471. Patented Oct. 20,1891.

' Ewen 71 (No Model'.) 7 Sheets-Sheet; 2. E. GRAY.

ART OF TELEGRAPHY.

No. 461,471. PatentedOct. 2 0, 1891.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Shqet 3. E. GRAY.

ART OF TELEGRAPHY.

No. 461,471. Patented. 0011.20, 1891.

p m? In 9 5M :1, 7M M v (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 4.

E. GRAY. ART OF TELEGRAPHY.

No. 461,471.. Patented Oct. 20, 1891.

(No Model.)

7 Sheets-Sheet 5. E. GRAY.

ART OF TELEGRAPHY.

Patented 001;.20, 1891.

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(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 6.

E. GRAY.

ART OF TELEGRAPHY. No. 461,471. Patented Oct. 20, 1891.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets Sheet '7 E. GRAY.

ART OF TELEGRAPHY. 110,461,471. Patented O0t.20,1891.

NrTEn STATES ATENT OFFICE.

ELISHA GRAY, OF HIGHLAND PARK, ILLINOIS.

ART OF TELEGRAPHY.

SIPIECI'FICATIOIS. forming part of Letters Patent No. 461,471, datedOctober 20, 1891.

Application filed July 19, 1889. Serial No. 318,091. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ELISHA GRAY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Highland Park, county of Lake, and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in the Art of Telegraphy,fully described and represented in the following specification and theaccompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to wri't-ing-telegraphs of that class in whichthe act of writing a message at the sending-station operates toreproduce it at the receiving-station, a form of which is shown in myprior patents, Nos. 386,814: and 386,815, dated July 31, 1888.

My present application relates,particularly, to improvements in the artof telegraphic communication, and has for its object to secure greaterspeed in transmission and greater accuracyin the reproduction ofcharacters transmitted than have been heretofore attained.

It is a Well-known fact that pulsations of successively oppositepolarity can be sent over a lineavire with greater rapidityand certaintyof effect than pulsations of successively like polarity. In my system asheretofore patented by me the pulsations used to operate thereceiving-pen were pulsations of the latter sort. It is 'a feature ofimportance in my present improvements that pulsations of successivelyopposite polarity are employed. The movement of the transmitting-pen ineither of two directions, preferably at nearly right angles to eachother, produces a succession of these pulsations in two electriccircuits, the number of pulsations in the respective circuits beingdetermined by the distance which the pen is moved in the respectivedirections and the speed of succession of the pulsations varying with.the rapidity of movement of the transmitting-pen. In the apparatusshown, but which is not claimed herein as a part of or necessary to mypresent invention, these pulsations do not directly operate the motorswhich move the receiving pen, as do the pulsations sent to line in thesystems of my priorpatents. In the organization herein shown a constantstrain is produced upon the apparatus which drives the receiving-pen,this strain originating in a motor or revolving shaft operatedindependently as regards its source of power of thetransmitting-instrument, and the application of this power to thedriving o'fthereceivingpen is governed by means of an escapementoperated by the pulsations above referred to. Thus each pulsation sentover line will permit the receiving-pen to advance a space correspondingto one-half a tooth of the escapement-wheel, and as each pulsationrepresents a certain definite space traversed by the transmitting-penand each tooth of the governing escapement-wheel of the receiverrepresents a certain definite space over which the receiving-pen isdriven the movements of the transmitting-pen will be reproduced withalmost absolute accuracy by the receivingpen.

lhe devices above referred to'provide for a reproduction of motion ofthe transmittingpen in two directions crosswise of each other. For thepurpose of reversing the direction of movement of the receiving-pen uponreversal of the direction of movement of the trans mitting-pen it is apart of my present invention to cause a temporary change or variation inthe condition of the line-current. As described in the presentapplication, this change or variation consists of a temporary increasein the current strength; but I do not confine myself to that particularchange or variation. This method of causing the reversal of thereceiving-pen may be employed whether pulsations of successivelyopposite polarity are ,used for driving the receiving-pen, as hereinshown, or pulsations of successively the same polarity are used, asshown in my said former patents.

The process and the apparatus herein shown by means of which it iscarried out will now he described at length, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, in which t Figure l is a plan view of thetransmitter and receiver. Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the tableon line 2 2 of Fig. 1, relaymagnets P P and the motor, however, beingshown out of their proper position. Fig. 3 is an end view of thepaper-shifting magnet, showing the drum-cylinder and connected parts.Figs. 4 and 5 are views on an enlarged scale of the intcrrupters andconnected parts. Figs. 6 and 7 are plan and side views of the unison andpaper-shifting switch. Figs. 8, 9, and represent, on an enlarged scale,an improved pen-rack. Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation taken on aboutthe line 11 11 of Fig. 1., the point of view being in the foreground ofthe latter figure. Fig. 11 is a side and rear view of the magnetcontrolling the motor-circuit and connected parts. Fig. 12 is a sideView, on an enlarged scale, of the governing reversibleescapement-magnet. Fig. 13 is a plan view of the escapement of saidmagnet. Figs. 14 and 15 are respectively side and sectional elevations,on an enlarged scale,

, of the reversing escapement commutator and magnet. Fig. 16 is a detailview of the commutator contact-brushes bearing on the commutator. Figs.17 and 17 are diagrams showing the circuits and circuit connectionsbetween a transmitting and a receiving instrument at opposite ends ofline-wires.

In my system as now organized I prefer to place the transmitting andreceiving instruments in close proximity and so arranged with referenceto each other that a single sheet of paper is used for making the copiesof messages transmitted and for recording messages received. I havetherefore shown the transmitting and the receiving instrumentsassociated together in Fig. 1.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 1, 4, 5, 17, and 17, the principalfeatures of the transmitter will be described. This instrument consists,primarily, of the transmitting-pen A, which is moved by the operator toform the characters or other matter to be transmitted. This pen, as Ihave statedin my former patents, may be a simple handle of convenientform or a pen or pencil with which a copy of the message transmitted ismade, and it is therefore termed a pen 5 but this term, wherever used ina general sense, is to be understood as including any writinginstrum-entor a simple handle of convenient form.

The pen A is connected .at its tip to two cords or other flexibleconnections 63 64, which extend horizontally crosswise of each other andare connected to operate the two circuit-changing devices B O, termedherein interruptersfl located in the two electric circuits 1) c, termedmain circuits, and so arranged that as the pen A is moved in thedirection of the cord 63 and interrupter B or -in the opposite directionpulsations are produced in the circuit 1) in quick succession, varyingin number with the linear extent of movement of the pen A and varying inspeed of succession with the rapidity of such movement, while as the penis moved in the direction of the cord 6% and interrupter O or in theopposite direction in forming the characters pulsations are produced incircuit 0 in the same manner. In my former telautograph patents theinterrupters are so placed with reference to the transmitting-pen thatthe connecting-cords 63 6 1 extend in directions approximately paralleland perpendicular to the line of characters traced by thetransmitting-pen. In my present organization, however, I place theinterrupter-s in such positions that the cords will have a diagonallocation about midway between lines perpendicular to and parallel withthe line of writing. By this organization the steps causing theperpendicular and horizontal movements of the pen, which are themovements naturally made most rapidly-in writing, are divided betweenthe two halves of the machine, thus enabling a much greater speed to beattained without increasing the working capacity of either circuit. Thisorganization also makes possible a greater degree of compactness in theapparatus, and thereby the use of one strip of paper for thetransmitting and receiving instruments at the same end of line.

The function of the interrupters in my present transmittinginstrument isnot only to cause pulsations in the main-line circuits, but to causethose pulsations to be of successively-opposite polarity. That this maybe effected each main circuit is provided with two batteries, one at thetransmitting and one at the receiving end, so placed in line as to beopposed to each other in polarity, the one at the transmitting end beingof about treble the strength of the other. The larger batteries in thetwo circuits are designated, (see Figs. 17 and 17%) respectively,-Z andZ, and the smaller batteries, respectively, z and z. The interrupter isso arranged as to shunt the larger battery out of line at shortintervals.

The two interrupters B C and their auxiliaries and circuit connectionsare exact duplicates, and a. description of one of them thereforeapplies to both.

Each of the cords 63 64 is connected to and wound upon a small drum 65,(see Figs. 1, 4, and 5,) fixed upon one of its sides to a shaft 66. Tothe other side of the drum is attached a bracket 67. The outer end ofthis bracket rests upon a pivot 68, and the upperend of the shaft 66 isin contact with a pivot 69. The drum is thus mounted so as to revolvebetween the pivots 68 69. To the shaft 66 is attached a spring 70, whichis wound upon the shaft and tends to revolve the drum in the directionopposite to the pull of the pen upon the cords 63 64. Pivoted betweenthe lower face of the drum and the bracket 67 and in line with the shaft66 is another shaft 71, to which is attached an arm 72, which carriesthe revolving brush 73. The movement of the arm 72 upon its shaft 7.1 islimited between stops 74 75, fixed to the drum, (see Fig. 5,) one ofwhich 75, as shown, is preferably adjustable. The face of the disk overwhich the brush 73 sweeps is provided with a series of channels orcutslocated in proximity and containing pieces of insulating material76, the widthof each channel or cut being preferably about the same asthat of the adjacent exposed metal surface between it and too the nextchannel. Each main-line circuit divides before reaching the interrupter,(see Fig. 17,) one branch passing through the battery Z or Z at thetransmitting end of line and to earth, the other branch connecting withthe metal disk of the interrupter. The brush 73 has a permanentconnection to earth. When,therefore', the brush is in contact with themetal surface of the disk, the battery Z or Z will be cut out and thebattery 2 or 2 at the receiving end of the line will alone be incircuit. )Vhen, however, the brush 73 rests upon a portion of theinsulating material, the branch through the interrupter will be brokenand both batteries Z or Z and z or 2 will be in circuit, their polaritybeing, as before stated, opposed to each other. In this condition thecurrent of the smaller battery will be overcome and the polarity of thecurrent on line determined by the large battery. The strength of thelarger batteries is preferably made about treble that of the smallerbatteries, so that the effective current on line is the same (except inpolarity) when both batteries are in circuit as when the smaller batteryalone is in circuit, and the effect on the receiving-instrument will bein both cases the same. The revolution of the brush over the face of thedisk will thus cause upon line a succession of pulsations of oppositepolarity and substantially equal effective strength,

the number and rapidity of the pulsations being determined by the extentand rapidity of the movement of the brush. The mounting of the brushwith reference to the drum gives the brush an independent motion, theamount of this motion being adjustable by means of the adjustable stop75. It results that in practice whenever the motion of the pen reversesthe rotation of the drum the brush will not begin to move in a reversedirection until the drum has so moved a distance corresponding to theamount of independent motion of the arm 72 between the stops 7% 75. Theobject of this independent or lost motionof the brush will be statedhereinafter.

The transmitting-instrument is provided with two devices, one for eachcircuit, which I term increase-current controllers, each of which actsautomatically and momentarily to increase the amount of currentpassingover its main line whenever the movement of the transmittingpenis reversed with reference to that line. Each increase-controllerconsists of twoelectro-magnets or spools D E and D E, (see Figs. 1 and17,) provided with lugs 79 80 and armatures 81 82. These lugs are ofsoft iron and are in contact with the core passing through the helix ofeach magnet and extend out to the periphery of the same. Each armatureis trunnioned in the usual manner and extends from one of the lugs 79 80to the other in close proximity to but not in actual contactwith them.armature's are provided with the usual springs and front and backcontact-points, which The regulate their strokes to and from their re- Ispective magnets. The two magnets of each pair D E and D E are mountedin line with each other, with sufficient space between them for a thirdarmature 83 83, respectively'common to them both and provided withlimiting contact-screws 84 85. This armature is without a spring and isattracted alternately by the two spools. Each of theincrease-controllers is provided with a local circuit d and a localbattery g. See Fig. 17.) Both of these circuits are shown in detail inFig. 17; but as they are precisely alike the description will beconfined to the circuit at of increase-controller D E. In circuit d iscircuit making and breaking arm- 36, frictionally mounted upon thedrum-shaft 66 of the interrupter B (see Fig. 4) and having a limitedmotion between contact-stops 87 88. From arm 86- the circuit passes bywires 61 and Z to a contact-point 19 and circuit-breaking arm 15, (thepurpose of which will be hereinafter stated,) thence by wires Z and d tobattery g and armature 83.- It will be noted that the wires Z Z arecommon to the circuits of both increase-controllers. From armature 83the circuit has two branches, one (designated by d) including the coilof magnet D and connecting with the stop 87 and the other (designated by(1) including the coil of magnet E and connecting with stop 88. Thebranch wiref connects the stop 84 on one side of the armature 83 withthe wire d at a point beyond] the magnet D, forming a shunt around thesame, and a wire f in a similar manner forms a shunt around the magnet Eto the Wire cl. Each of the circuits 1) c normally includes a resistanceR; but a shunt around the resistance is provided for the circuit b wheneither of the armatures 81 or 82 is on its front stop, and a like shuntis provided for the circuit 0 when either of the corresponding armaturesof increase-controller D E is on its front stop, as shown by theconnections in Fig. 17. hen the mo tion of the pen is reversed and it iscaused to move in the direction of the arrow on Fig. 17that is, fromtheinterrupter Bthe arm 86 will at the moment. of reversal come intocontact with the stop 87, which will close the circuit cl through themagnet D. The armature 81 will be attracted to its front stop, and atthe same time the common armature 83 will be attracted against the stop8i. As soon as armature 83 strikes stop 84 the magnet D will bedemagnetized, because of the shunt closed through wire f, and thearmature 81 will fall back to its back point, while the armature 83,having no spring and being held by residual magnetism, will remain inits position until the next reversal of the pen motion causes the arm 86to rock against the point 88, when the magnet E will be charged, drawingback the armature 88,

an d,in a manner similar to that just described,

momentarily attracting its armature'82. It

ITS

rest normally on their back points and only momentarily touch the frontpointsfirst one and then the other-at the moment the Writing isreversed. The effect of the momentary advance of the armature 81 or 82is to close the shunt before referred to around the resistance R in themain line, thus causing a strong impulse to momentarily pass through theline, this strong impulse effecting a reversal in the writing at thereceiving end in a manner hereinafter described.

The operation of the transmitter as thus far described is as follows:The operator takes the penA in his hand and forms the characters inpropersequence in the usual manner, moving the pen up and down and fromleft to right the same as in ordinary writing. As the pen makes thedownstrokes in forming the characters the cords 63 (let will be unwoundfrom the drums of the interrupters B 0, thereby rotating the drum andits shaft and moving the brush 73 over the disk 89 and causing asuccession of pulsations of opposite polarity over the circuits 1) c inquick wind cords 64 and move the brushes '73 in the reverse direction,causing pulsations upon the two main circuits in the same manner. 50long as the movement of the pen recedes from either of the interrupters,as B, the shaft 66 will continue to revolve in onedirection and the arm86 will be held against the stop 87 and the pulsations on the line willpass through the resistance R. As soon, however, as the movement of thepen is reversed-i. 6., changed from a motion from the interrupter B to amotion of approach to the interrupter the movement of the shaft 66 Willbe reversed and the arm 86 will be caused to rest against the contact88, thereby momentarily energizing magnet E, drawing up armature 82, andsending a'strong pulsation over the line b; and this strong pulsationwill be sent'over line b as often as reversal in the direction ofmovement of the pen with reference to the interrupter B occurs. .Thesame succession of operations occurs in connection with the circuit a,interrupter 0, increase -controller D E, and connected parts upon eachreversal ofthe direction of movement of the transmitting pen withreference to the interrupter C.

The purpose of the independent or lost motion in the arm 72 and brush73, heretofore .vision for lost motion in the brush 73 is not absolutelyessential for perfect writing, but

prevents possible loss of steps at the receiving end when the writing isdone at a high rate of speed, and is therefore a preferred construction.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 1, 2,11, 12, 13, 14,15,16, 17, and17,the principal features of the receiver will be described; Thereceiving-pen G is a writing-instrument of any suitable form forrecording the message. The term pen, therefore, as applied to thisinstrument is to be understood as including any form ofwriting-instrument; In the case shown a fountain-pen is employed, whichis composed of a tube of glass of very fine or capillary bore, havingits end formed into a writing-point. This pen is supplied by a piece offlexible rubber tubing, which runs through the tubular pen-arm 21 andconnects by means of a preferably flexible capillary tube 92, with theink-well 91, as described in my former patents. The pen-arms 21 and 22are made of light metal tubing hinged at the point 23 immediately over'the point of the pen. Each of the arms 2-1 22 is provided with a cord93, attached to the arm at each end and having a turn about adrum 94.Motion is given to the receiving-pen by the revo lution of these drums94:, and this revolution is effected in correspondence with themovements of the transmitting-pen by means of a mechanism which will bepresently described. The receiving-pen arms are so adjusted withreference to the pen and the cords upon the drum that the distance fromthe receivingpen to the hinging-point or drum 94 of either of itspen-arms will be equal, when the transmitting and receiving instrumentsare in unison, to the length of the unwound cord connecting thetransmitting-pen with the drum of the interrupter upon the same side ofthe instrument. This organization causes the transmitting and receivingpens to swing in arcs having the same radii, and consequently to thatextent insures an exact reproduction by the receiving-pen of themovement of the transmitting-pen. It will be observed that thisadvantage is in part secured by the transfer of the circuit-changing arm86 to the shaft of the interrupter from a position between theinterrupter and the transmitting-pen.

The revolution of the drums to move the receiving-pen is effected in mypresent organization by power derived from a motor 95, (see Fig. 11,)and theapplication of the power of the motor to the pen-drums iscontrolled by a reversible escapement governed by the pulsations sentover the line, as above described. The motor may be of any suitableconstruction, the form which I prefer and which is shown in thisapplication being an electric motor. The shaft 96 of this motor isgeared to two distinct shafts, one on each side of thereceiving-instrument-one for each of the pen-drums 9-1. As the twoshafts with their connected parts are identical in construction, but oneset thereof is described lIO ' stated.

and shown in full-to wit, that upon the lefthand' side of the machine asit appears in these sets of devices. The shaft 30 (see Fig. 11)

is trunnioned between screws 31 32 and passes loosely through the hubsof the two bevel gear-- wheels 28 29. Fastened to each of the gearwheels28 and 29, one for each wheel, are the soft-iron disks 3') 31. Fast onthe shaft 30 and on either side of the wheels 28 29 are twoclutch-magnets X Y, (the corresponding clutch-magnets on the-right-handside of the receiver being designated in Fig. 17 by the letters X Y,respectively,) which are fastened to and revolve with the shaft 30. Theshaft 30 is preferably of brass, the cores of the clutch-magnets beingmade of soft iron and bored out of such size as to allow the shafts toslip into the hole and fit tightly therein. The head of eachmagnet-spool at the end nearest the bevel gear-wheel is made of hardrubber, and also the outer shell or covering is of soft iron, as is thehead of the spool farthest from said gear-wheel. The end of this shellnext to the gear-wheel and also the end of the core project forward ashort distance beyond the head and come into contact with the iron diskfastened to the wheel. Both of these magnets X Y, with their connectedparts, are exactly alike. Meshing with the twobevel gear-wheels 28 29 isa third bevel gear-wheel 27, mounted upon a trunnioned shaft 98, whichcarries the receiving-drum 94: and an escapement-wheel 26. The pallets105 of this escapement-wheel (see Fig. 13) are preferably madeadjustable to and from each other and are attached to the armature 99 ofa magnet H, (the corresponding magnet on the other side of theinstrument being designated H.) This magnet is a polarized relayconstructed on the principle of the well-known Siemens relay, with theexception that the polarizing-coil K (the corresponding coil on theother side of the instrument being designated K) is an electro-magnetand not a permanent magnet, for a purpose hereinafter The soft-iron core101 of the magnet K is extended upward, and upon it is trunnioned thearm 99. The other end-of the core is connected by soft-ironconnecting-pieces 102 103 and bracket 104 with the soft-iron cores ofthe spools of magnet H. The angles of the faces of theescapement-pallets 105 and also those on the faces of the escape-wheelteeth are preferably made the same, so that the escape-wheel will bereversible and operate in either direction with equal facility upon thereversal of the strain which tends to move it.

The two wheels 28 and 29 are each provided with a lost-motion spring 106107, (see Fig. 11,) which serve to give the wheels a normal tendency torevolve in the same direction in which they are propelled by the motorand keep them consequently always in driving contact with the cogs ofthe wheel 27;

of wheel 27.

The use of these springs is made possible because of the fact that thewheels 28 29 are preferably made of such a size that they need never bemoved continuously in one direction for more than one revolution, acomplete 1'0- tation of either of these wheels correspond' ing to theextreme range of movement of the receiving-pen in its field, and becauseof-the further fact that the gear-wheel 27 so connects the wheels 28 29that that one of these two wheels whichis not clutched to themotor-shaft is drivenbackward by the one which is operating thereceiving-pen throughthe agency It results that each of the twov wheels28 29 revolves to and fro upon the shaft 30, first in onedirection andthen in the other and always within the limit of a single revolution,and that consequently the lost-motion springs will remain permanently intheir proper relation to the hubs upon which they are wound. It is notessential to the operation of my system that the range of the movementof the wheels 28 29 should be restricted to a single rotation; but it isa preferred construction, for the reason that pins 205 may be placedupon these wheels, adapted to come in contact with fixed stops 206 atthe extreme limits of motion of the receivingpen, whereby maintainingunison between the transmitting and receiving-instruments is aided, ashereinafter stated.

The direction o rotation given to the drum 94, and consequently thedirection of movement given to the receiving-pen thereby, will bedetermined by the existence of magnetism in the coils of one or theother of the two clutch-magnets X Y. The mechanism for determining whichone of these coils receives a current will next be described.

Situated in the main lines, one for each line b c, are two magnets JJ,(see Figs. 1, 11, 1t, and 15,) of ordinary construction. Magnet J, whichalone need be described in detail, has an armature 108, trunnioned inthe ordinary way and carrying upon its end pallets 109, similar to thepallets 105, already described, which engage with an escape-wheel 110,the teeth of which are like those of wheel 26, above described, mountedupon a hub 111, which may be of insulating material loosely mounted uponthe shaft 80. To the hub 111 are fixed two commutator-disks 112 113,(see Figs. 11, 14, and 15,) which disks are insu lated from each otherby the insulating material of hub 11 or otherwise and from the shaft 30,as 'shown'iu Figs. 14 and 15, each of these commutators consisting of ametal disk having a rim set with sectionsof insulating materialalternating with metallic sections in metallic connection with the disk.Attached to the armature-lever 108 are two springs 38 39,which ridelightly upon the commutators. Outside of eachcommutator and upon shaft30 are two contact-collars 114: 115, made of insulating material. One ofthese collars 115 is rigidly attached to the'shaft,

and the other 1141s feathered upon it, so as upon the shaft to cause thecom'mutators' to move with the shaft when permitted by the escapement. Alock-nut 116 is provided hehind the collar 114, by the use of which thecollar may be set backward or forward upon the shaftto secure the properdegree of friction between the shaft and the com mutators. Thecommutator-springs 38 39 are so adjusted that one of them rests upon ametallic section of one commutator, while the other rests upon aninsulating-section of the other commutator. Both of these springsareinsulated from the armature 108. A circuit h,passing through a localbattery t', connects with the shaft 30, with which there is inelectrical contact one end of the coil of clutch-magnet X, the other endof the coil of this magnet being connected through insulated wire a withthe contact-springs on collar 114:. One end of the coil of clutch-magnetY is also in electrical contact with the shaft 30, and the other end ofthis coil connects by means of wire (1, passing through the center ofshaft 30 and insulated therefrom, with the contact-springs on collarlld.(See Fig. 11.) It willbe understood that the circuits of theclutch-magnets may be made in the manner indicated or in any otherconvenient way. It results that when the spring 38' is in contact with ametallic segmenttof its commutator clutch-magnet Y is in circuit withthe local battery 2', the clutchmagnet X being cut out of circuit, andthat when spring 39 rests upon a metallic segment of its commutatorclutch-magnet X is in circuitwith the local battery 2', clutch-magnet Ybeing then cut out.

The operation of the mechanism thus far described. will now be stated.

The motor-shaft 96,'being continually in retation while a message isbeingreceived, gives constant rotation to the shafts 30. When one or theother of the clutch-magnets X Y is energized, the end of its core andshell lying in contact with the disk 33 or 34 becomes magnetic andcauses the disk to adhere to it with greater or less force, according tothe strength of the local battery. Under such circumstances the attachedbevel gear-wheel 28 or 29 is given a tendency to revolve in the samedirection as the shaft and will communicate that tendency to theescape-wheel 26 and drum 94. This tendency to revolve will, however, bechecked when the line-currentis on by the escapement pallets 105engaging with the teeth of the escape-wheel'26, except when the armature99, carrying the pallets, oscillates. The-pulsations ofsuccessively-opposite polar- These collars carry springs,

ity sent to line from the transmitter cause a change of magneticpolarity in the poles within the two coils of magnet l-l, causing thearmature 99 to be drawn first to one side and then to the other, givingan oscillating motion to the pallets, causing the restraint upon thereceiving-pen to be suspended at regular successive intervals andpermitting the escape-wheel 26 to revolve step by step-one step for eachpulsationin the direction in which the constant strain of themotorimpels it. The strength of the battery used to charge theclutclrmagnets X Y is so regulated that when the pallets 105 are at restwith a linecurrent on the clutch magnet will rotate against the disk 33or 34 with a friction not great enough to overcome the resistanceoffered by the pallets, but yet sufficient to carry the pen-drum withits attachment, when released by the pallets 105, in whichever directionthe particular clutch-magnet which is energized may determine. NV hen areversal occurs in the direction of motion of the transmitting-pen,astrong pulsation is sent to line through the agency of-theincrease-controller in the manner above described, and this pulsationaffects the magnet J, which is so organized that it does not respond tothe ordinary pulsations. The armature 108 of this magnet is attractedand the com mutators 112 113 are permitted to advance by the space ofone tooth of the escapement-wheel110. That one of the springs 38 39which prior to this strong pulsation was in contact with a metallicsegment is now in contact with an in-' sulating-segment, and vice versa,and it follows that the circuit of the local battery 1' has been brokenthrough that one of the magnets X Y which was previously in circuit andclosed through that one which was'previously out of circuit. A tendencyto rotate in a reverse direction will therefore be imparted to the shaft98 and drum 94 and its pen-carrying arm 21, and this direction of motionwill continue until another strong impulse is sent over the line.

On referring to Figs. 17 and 17 it will be seen that when thetransmitting-pen is moving in the direction indicated by arrownumbered-2 and the motor 95 at the receiving end is causing the shaft 30to revolve in a direction which when observed from the right-hand end isopposite to the movement 'of the hands of a watch, the two instrumentsbeing in unison, the spring 39 will be in contact with a metallicsegment of its commutator, closing the circuit of battery i throughclutch-magnet X, revolving the drum 94 on the left-hand side of theinstrument in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 17. Upon reversal theoperation of the increase-controller D E, operating upon the magnet J,throws spring 39 onto an insulating-segment and spring 38 onto ametallic segment,

IIO

cuttin in ma net Y and cuttin out ma O D D b relay H K, similar to therelay H K, and con ncctions such as above described, the effect of theordinary pulsations and the occasionally strong pulsations over thatline upon the pen-carrying arm 22, operated from the otherpen-drivingdrum 94,is the same as that which has been just abovedescribed with reference to pen-carrying arm21.

The purpose of attaching the springs 38 39 to the armature 108 will nowbe stated.

It is desirable that the change of the clutchcircuit from one clutch tothe other-should be made in the quickest possible time after,

the pulsation of increased strength has been senttoline from thetransmitter. The length of the stroke of the armature 108 is so adjustedand the springs 38 39 are so mounted upon it with reference to themetallic and insulating segments of the commutator-disks upon which theybear that when the armature begins to move the spring which was on aninsulating-segment is thrown onto a metallic segment and the spring thatwas on a metallic segment is thrown onto an insulatingsegment withoutwaiting for the reversing-escapement to act. It results from thisarrangement that the clutches X Y are, in fact, reversed before thereversiug-escapement acts, the action of the escapement simply causingthe changed condition to continue until the next reversal occurs, andincreased speed of writing is thus secured.

It has now been explained how the movement of the transmitting-pen in adirection to or from either of the interrupters B C will cause thereceiving-pen to move in the same direction, the movement of the latterpen being made up of a series of short steps. It is apparent that, aswith the system described in m yform er patents, any movementof thetransmitting-pen in a direction intermediate be tween these twodirections will cause the receiving-pen to move in a correspondingdirection, but with a movement made up of a number of steps taken atright angles to or crosswise of each other, the relative number of stepsineachdirection depending upon theobliquity of the movement of thetransmitting-pen. The

' receiving-pen is thus caused to substantially follow anymovement ofthe transmitting-pen, and thus reproduce a substantial fac-simile ofwhatever is written or traced by the latter. The use of the escapementaccurately defines the length of each step of the, receiving-instrument,and,in connection with the equality in radial distance bet-ween the pensand the pivotal points of the cords and arms at the transmitting andreceiving stations, respectively, which I now secure, insures thesubstantially accurate reproduction at the receiving-station of thewriting of the sender.

The mechanism for causing the receivingpen to be raised and lowered inaccordance upon a platen 117, (see Fig. 2.) which in turn rests upon aspring-supported plate 118, which in its normal position rests against acontactpoint 120, but when depressed by the pressure of thetransmitting-pen in writing swings on a pivot and meets contact-point119. (See Figs. 2 and 17.) A circuit m connects the support 118 withlocal battery it and armature 121, placed between the two coils MN ofthe temporary circuit -breaker. Thence the circuit divides and returnson the one side.

through wires m and the c il of. magnet M to stop 120 and on the otherside through wires m and the coil of magnet N to stop 119. The armature121 vibrates between contact-stops 122 and 123, and a sh unt-wire 0connects stop 122 with the wire m around the coil of magnet M, and ashunt o connects stop 123 with wire m around the coil N. Main line b,after leaving the increase controller D E, passes through the armature126 of coil M and its contact-stop 125. Main line 0, after leaving theincrease-controller D E, passes through contact-stop 127 and armature126 of magnet N. The weight of the transmitting-pen in writing a messagedepressesthe support 118 against contact 119, closes the circuit on m"through the magnet N, and attracts the armature 126, causing a break inmain-line circuit 0. This break is only momentary, since the armature.121 is simultaneously attracted to the magnet N and the shunt aroundthe coils of this magnet through wire 0 is closed. The armature 126returns to its back-stop 127 and the main-line circuit 0 is againclosed. \Vhen the transmitting-pen is raised from the paper, support 118rises,the circuit mm is closed through coil M, and the main-line circuit12 is momentarily broken in like manner. The etfect of these breaks atthe receiving end of the line will presently be stated. First, however,the devices for raising and lowering the receiving-pen will bedescribed.

The receiving-pen is raised and lowered by means of two magnets S T,placed, preferably,one above the other, and a local battery y. (SeeFigs.2 and 17%) The armature 129, which carries the pen-rest 130, islocated between the two magnets S T and is operated upon by both ofthem. This armature is held in such position as it is left by theattraction of one or the other of the magnets by means offriction-springs 43, the spring 131- serving merely to balance theweight of the pen-rest and armature. The circuit of magnet S passesthrough wires 3, coils o of papershifting magnet V, a section oflocal'battery TOC IIO

y, armature 133 of a relay P in the'main-line circuit l), and itsback-stop 134. The circuit of magnet T passes through wires 2, (some ofthese wires, being common to circuits t and are marked with bothletters, and other local circuits, having wires in common, are letteredin the drawings inthe same manner,) coils v of paper-shifting magnetV,thence by wire 8 to local battery y, thence by wiret to armature 132 ofa relay P in main-line circuit 0, its back-stop 128, and wire t tomagnet. T. The momentary break in themain circuit 0, caused by thepressure of the-transmittingpen upon the writing-platen 117 and theconsequent operation of the temporary circuitbreaker M N by reason ofthe energization of coil N, causes the relay P at the receiving end torelease its armature, which falls upon its back point and closes thecircuit through wires 25 and pen-lowering magnet T, causing the armature129 and the pen-rest 130, carried by it, to be depressed and the pen Gto descend to its writing position upon the paper. The armature will beheld in this position by the friction-springs 43, and the pen willcontinue upon the paper until the sender raises the transmitting-pen andremoves the pressure from the platen 117. The support 118 will thenrise, closing the circuit of coil M of temporary circuit-breaker M Nthrough wires in m and making a temporary break in the main-line circuit1'). This temporary break results in releasing the armature of the relayP at the receiving end, which falls upon its back-stop 134 and closesthe circuit of magnet S through wires .9 and a section of battery y. Thearmature 129 and pen-rest 130 are now raised lifting the pen G from thepaper, and these parts remain in this position through the pressure ofsprings 43 until the transmitting-pen is again placed upon the paper.

While these operations are in progress the paper-shifting magnetV isinactive, although both the circuits 3 tpass through certain of itscoils. This inactivity results from the fact that the magnetV is of thepeculiar construction known as a consequent-pole magnet. It is made upof two soft-iron rods of any convenient length 136, (see Figs. 2 and 3,)and upon the ends of these rods are Wound helices of the usualconstruction, spaces bein glef t at the centers of the two rods betweenthe helices of sufficient width to receive an ordinary armature. Atthese points it is convenient to place pole-pieces 137 138, which extendoutward beyond the contour of the coils in such position as toconveniently act upon an armature 139, trunnioned in the ordinarymanner. The soft-iron rods 135 136 are united at their ends bysoft-ironheel-pieces 151 152, so that there is a continuous ring of iron. Whenonly one of the two sets of coils o 1; are in circuit, the magneticcircuit of the magnet V is closed through the heel-iron opposite to theexcited coils, and no magnetism of consequence is developed in thepoints 137 138. It results that when either of the circuits 3 t isseparately closed sufiicicnt magnetism is not developed in magnet V tocause it to attract its armature. When, however, both of these sets ofcoils "l 'u are simultaneously energized by a current flowing inopposite directions, polarity will be developed in the points 137' 133and the armature 13!) will be attracted. The connections of circuits 875are such that the ciirrentot' battery y flows through the two sets ofcoils q) "0' in opposite directions when these circuits are closed, sothat it is only necessary in order to cause the magnet V-to becomeactive to simultaneously close these two local circuits. The armature139 has a play limited by stops, 140 141, depending from the frame-workof the table, and

.carries a toe 142, which serves as the trigger of an escapementcontrolling the revolution of the paper-drum 143. The paper passes fromthe drum 143 over the transmitting-platen 117 and the receiving-platen144, and then down, friction-rollers 145 being preferably provided tofacilitate itsmovei'nent, and is given a forward-tendency by theweighted clip 195 or an equivalent tension device. The escapeinentcontrolling the paper-drum consists of a cog-gearin g 146, attached tothe drum or drum-shaft, meshing with a small pinion 1.47, the shaft 196of which is provided with two arms 148 149, the ends of these armsrevolving in the plane of the toe 142. \Vhen the toe 142 is in itsnormal position, it will arrest the revolution of one of the arms 143149, and thus prevent the unwinding of the paper; but the temporaryaction of the magnet V upon its armature 139 withdraws the toe 142 andpermits the paper-drum to revolve until the pinion 147 has made ahalf-revolution. The arm carried upon the opposite side of the pinionthen comes in contact with the toe 142, which has meanwhile returned toits normal position. This escapement is so adjusted that this amount ofrotation of drum 143 is sufiicient to move the paper a distance equal tothespace properly left between two lines of writing. The means providedat the transmitter for causing the simultaneous closing of the two localcircuits 3 t at the receiving end consists of two circuit makers andbreakers located near the upper left-hand corner ot the field of thetransmitting-pen. (See Figs. 1, 6, 7, and 17.) These circuit makers andbreakers consist of springs 153 154, at.- tached to a vertical shaft155, journaled between a plate 156, set over an opening in the table,and a bracket- 157, depending from the table, these springs playing uponcontact-points 158 159. To the upper end of the shaft is attached an arm160, which is drawn forward by a spring 161- until it rests against astop 162, in which position the notch 163, formed in its outer end, isjust below an opening 164 in the plate 156, so that it can be readilyreached by the part of the transmitting-pen just above the nib. The maincircuit b, after leaving the temporary circuitbreakerM N, passes tospring 153, contact'158, and thence to the receiving instrument.

Main circuit 0, after leaving the temporary circuit-breaker M N, passesto spring 154, contact 159, and thence to the receiving-instrument. Itresults that when the transmitting operator, having completed aline,desires to shift the paper he has only to carry his pen to the upperleft-hand corner of its field and cause its nib to enter the slot 16%and press against the arm 160, operating the circuitbreaking springs 153154 and makingasimultaneous. break in both the main-line circuits 1) c.The two main-line relays P P at the receiving-station simultaneouslydrop back their armatures and circuits .9 t are closed, both sets ofcoils v 'v are energized,and magnet V attracts its armature, releasingthe paper-drum escapement and permitting the paper to feed. Thisoperation does not disturb the position of the receiving-pen, which isnow resting upon the pen-rest 130, for the reason that both the magnetsS and T, being simultaneously energized, will balance each other intheir effect upon the armature 129 andthe pen-rest will not be moved.

It is obvious that to enable the receiving instrument to reproducecharacters traced by the transmitting-pen the direction of motion of thereceiving-pen must accord with that of the transmitting-pen, and tosecure an exact reproduction it is necessary that the length of thecords connecting the transmitting-pen with the liinging-points on theinterrupterdrums should be exactly equal to the lengths of thecorresponding pen-arms of the receiving-instrument; or, in other words,in order to secure perfect results it is necessary to start the'twoinstruments in unison and keep them in that relative condition. I havedevised a mechanism for bringing the transmitting and receivinginstruments into unison when they are not so, and will now describe itand its operation.

Armature 139 of the paper-shifting magnet controls three local circuits,which have not yet been noticed. One of these circuits u (see Figs. 11and 17) includes the two polarizingcoils K K of the governingescapement-magnets, local battery u, back-stop 165, and

armature 139. Another circuit 00 includes the coils of magnet J, localbattery ,5, a brush 166', which I term a unison-brush and which bearsupon commutator-disk 112, contactspring 39, armature 139, contact-spring167, and stop 168. A like circuit a: (see Fig. 17)

izes the escapem ent polarizing-magnets K K. No action now takes placeexcept to shift the paper, unless the receiving-instrument is out ofunison with the transmitting-instrument. The unison-brush 166 is soplaced that in case there is a want of unison in the revers-' ing-clutchorganization of the left-hand side of the receiver it will be in contactwith one of the metallic segments of the commutator, upon which itbears, causing acurrent to flow from battery z through the circuit 00and coils of magnet J. This operates the reversing-escapements 110 onestep and brings the unisonbrush again upon an insulating-segment of thecommutator, which should be its position at' the shifting of the paper.both the polarizing-magnets K K being now broken and the'main-linecircuits being also both broken and the clutch-magnets of both halves ofthe system being, so set as to carry the receiving-pen toward the upperleft-hand corner of the field, it will be seen that, the twogoverning-escapem nts having nothing to retard them, the receiving-pen,if behind the transmitting-pen, will be permitted to run withouthinderance to the left-hand upper cor- T'ne circuits of ner of itsfield, where it will be stopped by pins properly placed upon gear-wheels28 29, said pins being arranged to come in contact with fixed stops. Ifprior to the shifting of the paper the receiving-pen was in advance ofthe transmitting-pen, it will have been checked by these stops and thetransmittingpen will have overtaken it at the paper-shifting switclnComplete provision is therefore made for securing unison between the twopens.

After the paper has been shifted and the transmitting and receivinginstruments have been brought to unison the transmitting-pen iswithdrawn from the switch -lever 160 and the writing of the next lineproceeds. The effect of the withdrawal of the pen is of course toreverse the positions of the circuit making and breaking arms 86,closing the circuits d of the increase controllers D E and D'-E'. If,however, these circuits are closed while the main-line circuits arestill open, no' increased pulsation will be sent to line and thereceiving-instrument will not be reversed.

IIO

To provide against such an occurrence a c'ircuit making and breaking arm15 is provided; rigidly fixed to the shaft and playing be tweencontact-points 18.19, (see Figs. 1, 6, 7, and 17,) and the circuit (1 ofboth the increasecontrollers D E and D E are caused to pass through thearm 15, contact-point 19, and Wires Z Z, connected therewith, asheretofore stated. Consequently neither of these circuits can becompleted while the lever 15 is out of contact with the stop 19. Arm 15is so placed on shaft 155 that as the transmittingpenis drawn away fromthe lever and that lever returns to its position springs 153 15; striketheir respective contact-points and close the main circuits b 0 beforethe arm 15 reaches its contact 19. The circuits 01 therefore cannotbeclosed until after the closing of main-line circuits 1) 0, even if arms86 are actuated while the main-line circuits are still open. As soon asthe arm 15 reaches its stop 19, which will be immediately after theclosing of the main circuits 1) 0, both increase-controllers willsimultaneously operate to send a strong impulse through both main lines,causing a reversal to take place in both the re versing-escapements atthe receiving end and setting the clutches in proper manner tocause thereceiving-pen to follow the motion of the transmitting-pen.

The provision for shifting the paper atthe transmitting-instrumentconsists (see Fig. 17) of proper circuit connections by means of wires4" r from contact-points 18 and 181 and spring-extension 182, attachedto arm 15, to the two paper-shifting and pen -raising circuits s t atthe transmitting-station, whereby these circuits are closed by therocking of the switch-lever 160 and arm 15 at the completion of aline ofwriting. Connections for this purpose are shown inbroken lines, Fig. 2.The paper is thus simultaneously shifted at the transmitting andreceiving stations. Provision for shifting the paperatthetransmittingstation independently of the receiving-station is also made,and consists of a push-button 20, so placed that when depressed itelectrically connects contact-stops l8 and 181. When the operator hascompleted the sending of his message and placed his pen in the rack, hepresses button 20 a sufficient number of times to move his paperforward, so that clean paper is brought under his receiving-pen, and bythe connections just described he accomplishes this without disturbingthe connections which control the paper at the distant station.

I will now describe an improved pen-rack for holding thetransmitting-pen when notin' use, which forms a part of my presentinvention and is illustrated in Figs. 8, 9, and 10. This rack consistsof a tube 51, supported between two posts 52 52. At the center of thetube is fixed a collar 172, to which is rigidly fixed a curvedprojecting jaw 54, and to which is pivoted another projecting jaw 53.The jaw 53' projects into as well as out of the tube, and to its innerend is pivoted a rod 55, extending centrally through the tube 51 to oneof the posts 52 and carrying on its end an I upright rod 173, whichextends down through and below the post 52 and carries at its lower enda block 57 of insulating material. \Vrapped loosely around the rod 55 isa spiral spring 56 of considerable strength, fastened at each end towashers 61 62,Washer 61 being fastened'to the tube 51 and washer 62being attached to the rod 55. The insulating-block 57 has set in it twocontact-springs 174 175, which are respectively connected to line-wiresb and 0. Four contact-stops 176 177 178 179 are provided, with one pair176 and 177 of which are connected the Wires in circuits 1) 0,respectively passing to the transmitting-instrument at the home station,and with the remaining pair 178 179 of which are attached the wires b c,passing to the receiving-instrument at the home station. The jaws 53 54are so shaped as to form between them a recess adapted to hold the nibof the pen and retain it in a fixed, preferablyan upright, position.These jaws also preferably flare outward to permit the pen to be forcedbetween them into the recess. The effect of introducing the pen into therecess is to swing the jaw 53 on its pivot and draw the rod 55 againstthe tension of the spring 56 to the left, causing the springs 174 175,(see Fig. 10,) which when the pen is being used for transmitting restagainst the contact-points 176 177, to leave those contact-points and bepressed against the contact-points 178 179, the result being to breakthe connection of the linewires with the transmitting-instrument andplace them in connection with the receivinginstrument. The operator whenhe has finished using the transmitting-pen will place it in the rack,and will thereby swing the system from the condition in which itisfitted to send messages to that in which it is fitted to receivemessages, and the upright position of the pen in the rack willindicateat aglance that the system is set for receiving a message and afford acheck against carelessness on the part ofthe operator. The function ofthis penrack is therefore the same, substantially, as

that of the rack described in my formerpatents. It is, however, superiorto that rack in point of simplicity and in that'it gives the pen aposition immediately over the field and holds it in a more conspicuousmanner and a more convenient positio'n. When the pen is taken from therack for the purpose of transmitting a message, the action of the spring56 automatically returns the contactsprings 174 175 to their position incontact with the contacts 176 177 and completes the circuit fortransmitting. It will be observed that with this organization when thetransmitting-pens at both ends of the line-wire are hung up both of thestronger line-batteries Z Z will be cut out and only the two smallbatteries .2 ,2 will be on line, and these batteries, being opposed inpolarity, will neutralize each other, and the condition of the line willbe equivalent to that ofhaving no battery in circuit. The

main-line relays therefore at both ends of the line will rest on theirback points. I take advantage of this fact to control the operation ofthe motor in the following manner: The motor is normally in circuitthrough the wire W with the whole of battery y, only a section of thisbattery being required to operate the magnets S, T, and V. Circuit W isprovided with a circuit maker and breaker consisting of a spring 197,riding upon a block 198, partly of metallic and partly of insulatingmaterial. The motor-circuit has two branch circuits to w, one of which10 includes the armature and front stop of relay P and the other ofwhichw includes the armature and front stop of relay P. Both of thecircuits to to pass through an ordinary single spool magnet L, having anarmature-lever 199, trunnioned upon double pivots, so as to move to andfrom the magnet and also sidewise in either direction, as shown in Fig.11 The magnet L and its armature 199 are so placed with reference to oneof the shafts that a pin 200, fixed to the outer end of the armature,will engage, when the armature is released by its magnet, with a screw201, carried by the shaft. The armature 199 is drawn back from itsmagnet by a spring 202 in the ordinary manner, and is also provided witha side stop 203, against whichit is normally held by a spring 204:, thisspring 20& putting a strain upon the armature-lever 199 in a directionopposite to the direction in which it is carried by the engagement ofthe screw 201 with the pin 200. The contact-spring 197 is attached tothe armature 199, and rides upon [the metallic portion of the block 198when the armature 199 is against the side stop 203, and the width ofthis metallic portion of the block 198 is such that the spring 197 willcontinue to rest upon it as it is moved away from the stop 203 duringthe time occupied by a numbertof revolutions of the shaft 30.

The resistance of the magnet L is made such with reference to that ofthe motor that it will take sufficient current when the motor is incircuit to energize it and cause it to attract its armature. When,therefore, either of the relays P or P is energized and its armaturerests upon its front contact, the magnet L will be energized, the pin200 on its armature will be held out of engagement with the screw 201and the spring 20st will hold it in contact with the stop 203, thespring 197 will rest upon the metallic portion of the block 198, and thecircuit of the motor will be closed. If, however, both of the relays P Pare de-energi-zed and -both of the circuits to w in consequence thereofare broken, the magnet L will release its armature and pin 200 willengage with screw 201 and be carried away from the stop 203 against thetension of the spring 20; as the shaft 30 rotates, so that if the breakin the two main-line circuits continues long enough the spring 197 willbe carried out of contact with the metallic portion of the block 198 andthe motorcircuit will be broken, causing the motor to stop. It resultsthat when there is an effective current on either of the main lines I) cthe circuit of the battery y will be closed through the motor; but whenthere is an effective current in neither main-line circuit the,motor-circuit will be broken and the motor will stop after a fewrevolutions of the shaft 30. The spring 197 is so adjusted withreference to the metallic portion of the block 198 that the circuit ofthe motor will not be broken in bringing the transmitting and -receivingpens to unison under ordinary circumstances; or, in other words, unisonwill be reached before the spring 199 is carried ofi from the metalportion of the block 198.

It follows from this construction that when the transmitting-pen isplaced in the rack the relays of the distant receiver will both bede-energized and the motor at this distant station will be brought torest after a few revolutions of its shaft 30, and that when bothtransmitting-pens are placed in their racks, there being no effectivecurrent on line, both motors will come to rest. It now one of thetransmitting-pens is taken from its rack, it will cut out the relays atthe transmitting end through the agency of the penrack switch, and atthe same time, by throwing the current upon the main lines, itwill closethe relays at the distant end and start up the motor, which will remainin operation until the message is completed and the pen again hung up.This organization gives the transmitting operator the full control ofthe motor, as well as of all of the rest of the machinery at thereceiving end.

Modifications may be made in most of the details of the system and stillit will contain my invention. A few of the more gene modifications whichmay be ferred to. r

\Nhile I prefer to operate the governing reversible escapement magnet bypulsations of successively-opposite polarity, I do not conmay be sentfrom the transmitting-station by means of a pole-changer operated andcon trolled by the interrupters or in any other suitable manner.

While I prefer an electric motor as a source of power for driving thereceiving-pen, in that it is more readily controlled from thetransmitting-station than other forms of prime motors, I do not limitmyself to the use of such a motor, but may employ in its stead anyconvenient type of mechanical motor or a shaft rotated from-anyappropriate source of power. 7

It is to be understood-that in this applica- 'tion, as in my formerpatents, the terms character, writing, and message as herein usedinclude any matter, such as pictures, maps, drawings, diagrams, and arbitrary characters of all kinds, as well as ordinary and short-handwriting; also,-that the term paper includes any surface suitable forwriting, or from which any writing or printing is to be traced. If, inaddition to transmitting messages in writing, it should be desired tocapacitate the mechanism to transmit and reproduce diagrams, maps, and

I have secured good results made will be re- I IC pictures, all that isnecessary is to allow the transmitting and receiving pens to have thenecessary range of movement in each direction.

In some cases it may be preferred to write the message in the form of asingle line extending along the length of a narrow ribbon of paper, assuggested in my former patents, and in such cases it will only benecessary to arrange the mechanism for shifting the paper in thedirection of a line of writing instead of in a direction perpendicularthereto.

The receiving-pen may in some cases consistof a simple pencil ortracerand the inksupplying apparatus be dispensed with.

The closing and breaking of the local circuits for lowering and raisingthe receivingpen may be effected by a special key instead of by thetransmittingpen or by a cir cuit-closer arranged and operated in anysuitable manner.

The paper, instead of being shifted by a weight controlled by anescapement, may be shifted in any other desired manner, as by separatecircuits for thispurpose; or the means for shifting the paper or raisingthe pen, or both, may be omitted.

Separate line-wires may be employed for operating the reversingclutchesinstead of using an increased current for that purpose, or other changesin the current besides an increase thereof may be resorted to for thispurpose.

A so, as stated in my prior Letters Patent, the movements necessarytoreproduce the message, instead ofbeing imparted to the receiving-pen,may be wholly or in part imparted to the paper. It is therefore to be.understood that whenever the movement of the receiving-pen is referredto as forming thec'haracters that also includes the equivalent movementof the paper.

If preferred, two motors may be used for operating the receiving-pen,one governed by pulsations transmitted over each circuit.

No particular form of interrupter is essential to my invention. I intendto include under that term every device by means of which electricpulsations, whether successively of thesame or opposite polarity, may berapidly produced in the circuit.

The apparatus described herein is only one form of many varieties ofmechanism which may be devised for carrying out the several methods orprocesses which constitute my present invention, and I do not confinemyself to this or any other particular apparatus. As an example of themany modifications in the apparatus which may be made, I may say that myinvention may be applied to an organization wherein the pulsationsenergize the motor-magnets of the receiving-pen directly, as describedin my said former patents, as well as to that organization wherein thepulsations operate a receiving-pen by restraining or directing the forcewhich moves it, as described in my present application. Theinstrumentalities and combinations of the same which make up theapparatus shown herein arenot claimed in this application, but are setforth and claimed in other applications made by me for United StatesLetters Patent, Serial Nos. 314,151 and 324,232, filed, respectively,June 13, 1889, and September 17, 1889. The broader claims to the art setforth in this application have been transferred to the said application,Serial No. 324,232. Each of these applications and also my application,Serial No. 365,705, filed September 22, 1890. show and describe forms ofapparatus which may be used in the practice of the methods hereinclaimed.

Havingthus described my invention, what I claim is 1. The method oftransmitting and recording a character by the movements of atransmitting-pen and a receiving-pen by transmuting the movements of thetransmitting-pen into electric pulsations of successively-oppositepolarity, transmuting the said pulsations into movements of thereceiving-pen, causing a temporary change in the line-currentupon eachreversal in direction of movement of the transmitting-pen, and throughthe agency of such changes causing corresponding reversals in thedirection of movement of the receivingpen, substantially as set forth.

2. The method of transmitting and record ing a character by themovements of a transmitting-pen and a receiving-pen by transmuting themovements of the transmitting-pen in two directions crosswise of eachother into two series of electric pulsations, the pulsations of eachseries being of successively-oppositepolarity, transmuting the saidpulsations into movements of the receiving-pen, causing temporarychanges in the line current or currents upon reversals in direction ofmovement of the transmitting-pen, and through the agency of such changescausing corresponding re-' versals in the direction of movement of thereceiving-pen, substantially as set forth.

The method of transmitting and recording a character by the movement ofa transmitting-pen and a receiving-pen by transmuting the movement ofthe transmitting-pen into electric pulsations,transmuting the saidpulsations into movements of the receivingpen, causing a temporarychange in the linecurrent upon each reversal in direction .of movementof the transmitting pen, and through the agency of such changes causingcorresponding reversals in the direction of movement of thereceiving-pen, substantially as set forth.

I. The method of transmitting and recording a character by the movementsof atransmitting-pen and a receiving-pen by transmut-' ing the movementsof the transmitting-pen in two directions crosswise of each other intotwo series of electric pulsations, transmuting the said pulsations intomovements of the IIO receiving-pen, causing temporary changes in Intestimony whereof I have hereunto set the line current or currents uponreversals in my hand in the presence of two subscriblng direction ofmovement of the transmitting- Witnesses.

pen, and through the agency of such changes ELISHA GRAY. 5 causingcorresponding reversals in the direc- Witnesses:

tion of movement of the receiving-pen, sub- G. F. BENETT,

stantially as set forth. MARY A. JENNINGS.

